To size water pipes correctly is critical for the performance of your design. Below, we will explore the issues caused by incorrectly sized pipes, explain what to consider when sizing pipes, and work through an example pipe sizing project.

It achieves this by utilising engineering principles and algorithms to analyse the layout and sizing of the pipes, taking into account factors such as fluid flow rates, pipe materials, and system constraints.

CASE STUDIES Greengate, UK "I would estimate over the length of this project, I have spent 50% less time designing than I would on our previous software. The ability to output the design straight into Revit assisted clash detection and coordination." Read the full case study

h2x software can assist in optimising pipe sizing based on different design parameters by automating velocity and pressure calculations and providing insights into the performance of the piping system.

So another parameter to design is to work out how much pressure you can lose through your pipes and then size the pipes based on not exceeding that.

Whilst it is compulsory for your project to be compliant with relevant Standards, it is also very important that the design is fit for purpose.

We understand technical support doesn’t end at valve purchase, as such we strive to provide actionable after-market support on all your valve purchases.

Our Australian-based Technical Sales team boasts over 40 years of valving and general industry knowledge, allowing for accurate and rapid responses to your important technical queries.

A pressure relief valve and a safety valve both serve the function of releasing excess pressure from a system to prevent equipment damage or catastrophic failure. Relief valves are engineered to safeguard your establishment from system breakdowns and shielding equipment from conditions of excessive pressure. Conversely, the phrase ‘safety valve’ pertains to pressure valves whose design is primarily intended to defend people, assets, and operations against potential harm.

In this article, we present the sizing of an expansion tank using Relatherm HT-1, a high flash heat transfer fluid as an example.

For over 40 years Pressure Systems P/L have been supplying quality and dependable products for the Petrochemical, Power Generation, Oil and Gas, LNG, Water-treatment, Waste-water, Desalination plant, Pulp and Paper, Boiler Manufacturers, Mining and other HVAC and general industries.

We service a wide range of safety valves, including those from many leading safety valve manufacturers. As a LESER Authorised Repair Center, we are specifically trained and qualified in the servicing of various LESER product groups.

The pressure at the fixture is 123.74kPa (18psi), which is 23.74kPa (3.5psi) above the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi).

If you need to make a big decision on what parameter to use, it is important to talk to your manager and project team to assess the options and determine the best way to proceed.

Our extensive knowledge in safety and relief valves, accrued through partnerships with top pressure relief valve manufacturers and safety valve manufacturers, allows us to offer technical support that is both reliable and efficient. We swiftly diagnose issues and provide flexible servicing options to get your equipment back in service without delay.

"The software offers precision through detailed result outputs and advanced options for efficient pipe sizing, allowing heating engineers to optimise based on parameters like maximum velocity and pressure drop."

We stock an extensive range of valves, readily available for next day delivery. Not in stock? We can offer rapid procurement options from our partner pressure relief valve manufacturers.

We provide a wide array of services, strategically designed to offer the best in pressure system safety and performance. We also specialise in the servicing & testing of Safety Relief Valves.

Using the Darcy Weisbach equation, we can check the pressure drop through each pipe size until we get a result that is less than 1.825kPa per metre (0.082psi/ft).

Without it, the system’s water quality is significantly reduced. This can be a major risk in some buildings, especially in healthcare and aged care.

As a LESER Authorised Repair Center (LARC), we are part of a worldwide network that ensures competent maintenance, servicing, and repair of your LESER brand safety valves. We are LESER trained and qualified in the specific servicing of various LESER product groups, ensuring that your valves are in the most capable hands.

Pressure Systems P/L is a wholly owned Australian company specialising in the supply of pressure relief and pressure regulating products for the protection against overpressure for vital services such as steam, air, gases, process fluids, pressure vessels and pipelines.

A trap primer is a flow control valve that adds water to a P-trap to maintain a water seal, preventing sewer gases from entering a building.

When considering parameters like maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and pressure drop per meter, engineers need to balance these factors to ensure optimal performance of the water pipe system.

Besides pipe size, other factors that can affect pressure drop in a water pipe system include the type of pipe material, the number and type of fittings and valves used, the layout and configuration of the piping network, and the fluid properties such as viscosity and temperature.

"I would estimate over the length of this project, I have spent 50% less time designing than I would on our previous software.

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The strategic placement of heat pumps and careful sizing of pipework were crucial in maintaining minimal pressure drops over an 18-metre distance."

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Pipes within the hot water systems should be designed to a lower maximum velocity than cold water pipes due to the risk of erosion-corrosion increasing at higher water temperatures

The frequency of servicing depends on various factors including the type of application, the operating conditions, and the specific recommendations of the valve manufacturer. However, as a general rule, safety and pressure relief valves should be inspected and tested at least once a year to ensure they are in optimal working condition.

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This involves analysing the trade-offs between meeting velocity limits, maintaining self-cleansing velocity, and minimising pressure drop to avoid the need for additional pumps.

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How does the design process differ when considering different parameters like maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and pressure drop per meter?

The updated pipe sizes based on the new sizing parameter are shown below - the only change being an increase to the ‘Incoming Pipe’ from 15mm (1/2") to 22mm (3/4"):

If you solely design to the velocity parameters, this can lead you to have a high amount of pressure loss through the system. Consequently, this could mean you need a pump.

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The reduced pressure drop through the larger 22mm (1/2") pipe means that the pressure at the fixture is now 114.26kPa (16.6psi), which is 14.26kPa (2.1psi) above the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi):

Our comprehensive valve servicing and overhaul process is designed to maintain the optimal functionality of your pressure relief and safety valves. We employ a meticulous approach, including collecting all relevant safety valve information, offering downloadable valve request repair forms, and providing a simple process for form submission.

Through its intuitive interface and powerful simulation capabilities, h2x enables engineers to efficiently design and optimise water pipe systems to meet project requirements.

Aside from the excessive materials and their associated cost, the main issue is that a self-cleansing velocity is not reached within the pipe.

However, that may not necessarily be the best result for the client due to the space, cost, and energy that is associated with adding a pump to the design.

CASE STUDIES Award-Winning Heating Design "Using h2x was pivotal, allowing for precise heat loss calculations, pipe sizing and flow rates for each room. This level of detail ensured that the heating load accurately matched each space's requirements, minimising energy waste and maximising comfort. The strategic placement of heat pumps and careful sizing of pipework were crucial in maintaining minimal pressure drops over an 18-metre distance." Read the full case study

Whether you are a small operator or large EPCM, our extensive knowledge of pressure safety & lasting valving industry experience will ensure that your requirements are timely met to the highest level of quality.

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Pressure Systems P/L is a wholly owned Australian company specialising in the supply of pressure relief and pressure regulating products for the protection against overpressure for vital services such as steam, air, gases, process fluids, pressure vessels and pipelines.

We are importers, assemblers, testers, stockists, and distributors of threaded and flanged safety relief valves, bursting discs, flame and detonation arresters, pressure/vacuum valves, emergency relief vents, flow metres & choke valves. Our partnership with the best pressure relief valve manufacturers and safety valve manufacturers cement our reputation as your go-to for pressure relief and regulating products.

We take an application based approach for the sizing and selection of your valving requirements. Our valve recommendations are tailored to your application requirements and industry based practices.

Pipe velocity

This level of detail ensured that the heating load accurately matched each space's requirements, minimising energy waste and maximising comfort.

The pressure at the fixture is 95.74kPa (13.9psi), which is 4.26kPa (0.6psi) below the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi).

There is no definitive answer to this but the general consensus is that pipe velocities should be kept above 0.6m/s (2 ft/s) to maintain the self-cleansing velocity.

It can literally be impossible to design to all three of the parameters as they contradict each other in some scenarios.

When drawing the pipe layout, the most important thing is to take the most direct route possible - use the least amount of bends and pipe length to get from the water main to the fixtures.

CASE STUDIES Salon Republic, USA "The quality of the designs saw significant improvement with the adoption of h2x." "The software offers precision through detailed result outputs and advanced options for efficient pipe sizing, allowing heating engineers to optimise based on parameters like maximum velocity and pressure drop." Read the full case study

Meeting the self-cleansing velocity prevents microorganisms from building up in the pipes and therefore helps to stop the growth of biofilm.